燃氣發(fā)電機組是適應世界環(huán)保要求和市場新環(huán)境而開發(fā)的新型發(fā)電機組。燃氣發(fā)電機組主要分為兩種，一種是聯(lián)合循環(huán)燃氣輪機，一種是燃氣內(nèi)燃機。燃氣輪機功率比較大，主要用在大、中型電站，燃氣內(nèi)燃機功率比較小，主要用在小型的分布式電站。它是取代燃油、燃煤機組的新型綠色環(huán)保動力。

　　Gas turbine generator set is a new type of generator set developed to meet the requirements of global environmental protection and the new market environment. Gas turbine generators are mainly divided into two types: combined cycle gas turbines and gas internal combustion engines. Gas turbines have relatively high power and are mainly used in large and medium-sized power plants, while gas internal combustion engines have relatively low power and are mainly used in small distributed power plants. It is a new type of green and environmentally friendly power that replaces fuel and coal-fired units.

　　中文名：燃氣發(fā)電機組外文名：Gas generator set分類：聯(lián)合循環(huán)燃氣輪機、燃氣內(nèi)燃機屬性：新型發(fā)電機組目的：適應世界環(huán)保要求和市場新環(huán)境燃料：天然氣或其他類氣體

　　Chinese name: Gas generator set Foreign name: Gas generator set Classification: Combined cycle gas turbine, gas internal combustion engine Properties: New type of generator set Purpose: To adapt to global environmental requirements and market new environment Fuel: Natural gas or other gases

　　目 錄 1 、簡介2 、優(yōu)點3 、噪聲處理4、 注意事項

　　Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Advantages 3. Noise Treatment 4. Precautions

　　簡介燃氣發(fā)電機組是充分利用可燃氣體作為燃料，運行安全方便，成本效益高，排放污染低，并適宜熱、電聯(lián)產(chǎn)等優(yōu)點，市場前景十分廣闊。我國的可燃氣體資源十分豐富，相對于我國豐富的天然氣儲量,天然氣在我國一次能源消費中所占比例顯得太小,未來具有大幅提高的潛力。在我國，由于受到天然氣供應的影響，天然氣發(fā)電尚處于初始階段。真正大面積的天然氣發(fā)電作為分布能源站還要假以時日。小規(guī)模天然氣發(fā)電主要是在油田、氣田以及機場、酒店、醫(yī)院等?？梢灶A計，隨著天然氣供應的愈加充足、供應范圍的不斷擴大，近幾年天然氣發(fā)電將會得到一個飛速的發(fā)展。

　　Introduction: Gas generator sets make full use of combustible gases as fuel, operate safely and conveniently, have high cost-effectiveness, low emissions and pollution, and are suitable for cogeneration of heat and electricity. The market prospects are very broad. China has abundant combustible gas resources, and compared to its abundant natural gas reserves, the proportion of natural gas in China's primary energy consumption appears to be too small, with great potential for significant improvement in the future. In China, due to the impact of natural gas supply, natural gas power generation is still in its initial stage. It will take time for large-scale natural gas power generation to become a distributed energy station. Small scale natural gas power generation is mainly carried out in oil and gas fields, as well as airports, hotels, hospitals, etc. It can be expected that with the increasing supply of natural gas and the continuous expansion of the supply range, natural gas power generation will experience rapid development in recent years.

　　優(yōu)點燃氣發(fā)電機組具有輸出功率范圍廣，啟動和運行可靠高、發(fā)電質(zhì)量好、重量輕、體積小、維護簡單、低頻噪聲小等優(yōu)點，一般它們具有以下四個優(yōu)點：

　　Advantages: Gas generator sets have a wide range of output power, high reliability in start-up and operation, good power generation quality, light weight, small size, simple maintenance, and low low-frequency noise. Generally, they have the following four advantages:

　　一、發(fā)電質(zhì)量好由于發(fā)電機組工作時只有旋轉(zhuǎn)運動，電調(diào)反應速度快，工作特別平穩(wěn)，發(fā)電機輸出電壓和頻率的精度高，波動小，在突加空減50%和75%負載時，機組運行非常穩(wěn)定，優(yōu)于柴油發(fā)電機組的電氣性能指標。

　　1、 Good power generation quality. Due to the fact that the generator set only rotates during operation, the electric control system has a fast response speed and operates smoothly. The accuracy of the generator output voltage and frequency is high, with small fluctuations. When the load is suddenly reduced by 50% and 75%, the unit operates very stably, which is superior to the electrical performance indicators of diesel generator sets.

　　二、啟動性能好，啟動成功率高從冷態(tài)啟動成功后到滿負載的時間僅為30秒鐘，而國際規(guī)定柴油發(fā)電機啟動成功后3分鐘帶負載。燃氣輪發(fā)電機組可以任何環(huán)境溫度和氣候下保證啟動的成功率。

　　2、 Good starting performance and high success rate. The time from successful cold start to full load is only 30 seconds, while international regulations require diesel generators to be loaded for 3 minutes after successful start. Gas turbine generator sets can ensure the success rate of start-up under any environmental temperature and climate conditions.

　　三、噪聲低振動小由于燃汽輪機處于高速旋轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，它的振動非常小，而且低頻噪聲優(yōu)于柴油發(fā)電機組。

　　3、 Low noise and low vibration. Due to the high-speed rotation of the gas turbine, its vibration is very small, and the low-frequency noise is better than that of the diesel generator set.

　　四、采用的可燃性氣體是清潔、廉價的能源諸如：瓦斯氣，桔桿氣，沼氣等，以它們?yōu)槿剂系陌l(fā)電機組不僅運行可靠，成本低，而且能變廢為寶，不會產(chǎn)生污染。

　　4、 The combustible gases used are clean and inexpensive energy sources such as gas, straw gas, biogas, etc. The power generation units that use them as fuel not only operate reliably and have low costs, but also can turn waste into treasure without generating pollution.

　　噪聲處理燃氣發(fā)電機組由燃氣發(fā)動機、發(fā)電機、控制柜等部件組成,燃氣發(fā)動機與發(fā)電機安裝在同一個鋼制底盤上。機組以天然氣、井口伴生氣、煤礦瓦斯氣、水煤氣、煉化尾氣、沼氣、焦爐煤氣、高爐煤氣等可燃性氣體為燃料,啟動迅速,經(jīng)濟性好,特別是由于高質(zhì)量城市生活的需求,燃氣發(fā)電機組已廣泛應用于電信、郵局、銀行、圖書館、醫(yī)院、賓館等部門,作為后備電源。最初燃氣發(fā)電機組是針對礦場工況設計的,機組運行時產(chǎn)生的噪聲一般為95~110 dB(A)。GB 3096-93城市區(qū)域環(huán)境噪聲標準對市區(qū)的噪聲狀況進行了嚴格的規(guī)定,對于2類區(qū)域(居住、商業(yè)、工業(yè)混雜區(qū))晝間為60 dB(A),夜間為50dB(A);對于1類區(qū)域(居住、文教機關區(qū))晝間為55 dB(A)、夜間為45 dB(A)。機組運行時產(chǎn)生的噪聲給城市環(huán)境帶來了嚴重的噪聲污染,影響了人們的正常工作和生活,也限制了燃氣發(fā)電機組的廣泛應用。本文就是針對燃氣發(fā)電機組噪聲污染問題,提出了一套整改措施,以期降低機組噪聲,促進燃氣發(fā)電機組的推廣應用。

　　The noise treatment gas generator set consists of components such as gas engine, generator, control cabinet, etc. The gas engine and generator are installed on the same steel chassis. The unit is fueled by combustible gases such as natural gas, wellbore associated gas, coal mine gas, water gas, refining tail gas, biogas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, etc. It starts quickly and has good economy, especially due to the demand for high-quality urban life. Gas generator sets have been widely used in telecommunications, post offices, banks, libraries, hospitals, hotels and other departments as backup power sources. The initial gas generator set was designed for mining conditions, and the noise generated during operation is generally 95-110 dB (A). The GB 3096-93 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standard strictly regulates the noise level in urban areas, with a daytime noise level of 60 dB (A) and a nighttime noise level of 50 dB (A) for Class 2 areas (residential, commercial, and industrial mixed areas); For Class 1 areas (residential, cultural and educational institutions), the daytime is 55 dB (A) and the nighttime is 45 dB (A). The noise generated during the operation of the unit has caused serious noise pollution to the urban environment, affecting people's normal work and life, and also limiting the widespread application of gas-fired power generation units. This article proposes a set of rectification measures to address the noise pollution problem of gas-fired power generation units, in order to reduce unit noise and promote the promotion and application of gas-fired power generation units.

　　1.聲源分析燃氣發(fā)動機噪聲是燃氣發(fā)電機組的主要噪聲來源,燃氣發(fā)動機噪聲可分為空氣動力噪聲、燃燒噪聲、機械噪聲、排氣噪聲和振動噪聲?？諝鈩恿υ肼曋饕ㄟM、排氣和風扇旋轉(zhuǎn)引起的空氣振動噪聲,這部分噪聲直接向空氣中傳播。氣缸內(nèi)燃燒所形成的壓力振動通過缸蓋，機體向外輻射的噪聲叫燃燒噪聲;活塞對缸套的撞擊,配氣機構、噴氣系統(tǒng)等運動部件產(chǎn)生的撞擊振動噪聲統(tǒng)稱為機械噪聲。機組工作時,廢氣從排氣門高速沖出,沿排氣歧管進入消聲器,最后從尾管排入大氣。排氣噪聲是發(fā)動機的最大噪聲,往往比發(fā)動機主機噪聲高15 dB(A)左右,其次分別是燃燒噪聲和機械噪聲、風扇噪聲、進氣噪聲。

　　1. Sound source analysis: Gas engine noise is the main source of noise for gas generator sets. Gas engine noise can be divided into aerodynamic noise, combustion noise, mechanical noise, exhaust noise, and vibration noise. Aerodynamic noise mainly includes air vibration noise caused by intake, exhaust, and fan rotation, which directly propagates into the air. The pressure vibration formed by combustion inside the cylinder passes through the cylinder head, and the noise radiated outward from the body is called combustion noise; The impact of the piston on the cylinder liner, as well as the impact vibration noise generated by moving parts such as the valve train and jet system, are collectively referred to as mechanical noise. When the unit is working, exhaust gas rushes out of the exhaust valve at high speed, enters the muffler along the exhaust manifold, and finally is discharged into the atmosphere through the tailpipe. Exhaust noise is the maximum noise of the engine, often about 15 dB (A) higher than the noise of the engine host, followed by combustion noise and mechanical noise, fan noise, and intake noise.

　　2.改造設計基于燃氣發(fā)電機組的工作原理,難以用降低聲源噪聲的方法來消聲,所以主要是要有效阻斷其噪聲傳播途徑。消聲技術的核心就是利用聲波在傳播中自然衰減的規(guī)律去縮小噪聲的污染面。具體降低噪聲的方法有以下幾種:吸聲、隔聲及改變噪聲傳播方向。在實際工程應用中往往只用其中一種,本文采用三種方法并用的措施,針對燃氣發(fā)電機組提出了新型組合降噪技術。

　　2. The renovation design is based on the working principle of gas generator sets, and it is difficult to use methods to reduce sound source noise for noise reduction. Therefore, the main goal is to effectively block the noise propagation path. The core of noise reduction technology is to use the natural attenuation law of sound waves during propagation to reduce the pollution surface of noise. There are several specific methods to reduce noise, including sound absorption, sound insulation, and changing the direction of noise propagation. In practical engineering applications, only one of them is often used. This article proposes a new combination noise reduction technology for gas-fired generator sets by combining three methods.

　?。?）組合消聲器原來的消聲器以阻性消聲為主,功耗大,消聲效果不理想。經(jīng)仔細論證,應用三級組合降噪技術,將消聲器改造為新型組合式消聲器。該組合式消聲器的主要組成部件有對噴消聲減振腔、多孔式消聲罩及吸聲隔熱層和吸聲共振板等。聲源通過第一級的對噴消聲減振腔,可將中低頻聲源的噪聲能量充分進行抗性耗散。二級的多孔式阻性消聲罩可消去大部分高頻噪聲,增加了消聲器對高頻的適應性,而且在該腔內(nèi)裝有高效吸聲材料,可對噪聲進行充分的吸收和變向,從而最大限度地消耗噪聲能量。第三級為專門設計的帶共振板的排氣管,進一步通過薄片的振動進行消聲。經(jīng)測試,新型消聲器的消聲量、消聲頻率范圍(主要為消聲量峰值的頻率范圍)及阻力損失三大指標均優(yōu)于原來的消聲器。此外該消聲器尺寸適宜,結構剛性好,安裝方便,并具有抑制再生噪聲的功能。而且后部的吸聲隔音層具有防腐性能,可有效地克服煙氣的低溫露點腐蝕,延長了消聲器的使用壽命。

　　(1) The original combination muffler mainly used resistive noise reduction, with high power consumption and unsatisfactory noise reduction effect. After careful demonstration, the application of three-level combined noise reduction technology has transformed the muffler into a new type of combined muffler. The main components of this combination muffler include a spray noise reduction and vibration reduction chamber, a porous noise reduction cover, a sound absorption and insulation layer, and a sound absorption resonance plate. The sound source can effectively dissipate the noise energy of the mid to low frequency sound source through the first stage of the anti spray noise reduction chamber. The secondary porous resistive muffler can eliminate most of the high-frequency noise, increasing the adaptability of the muffler to high frequencies. Moreover, high-efficiency sound-absorbing materials are installed in the cavity to fully absorb and redirect the noise, thereby maximizing the consumption of noise energy. The third level is a specially designed exhaust pipe with a resonant plate, which further reduces noise through the vibration of thin sheets. After testing, the three major indicators of the new muffler, including the noise reduction amount, noise reduction frequency range (mainly the frequency range of the peak noise reduction amount), and resistance loss, are all superior to the original muffler. In addition, the muffler has suitable size, good structural rigidity, easy installation, and the function of suppressing regenerative noise. Moreover, the sound-absorbing layer at the rear has anti-corrosion properties, which can effectively overcome the low-temperature dew point corrosion of smoke and extend the service life of the muffler.

　　（2）兩級隔振襯墊控制機械噪聲和燃燒噪聲的有效辦法是對機組進行隔振處理。燃氣機、發(fā)電機與鋼制底盤間裝設復合隔振減振墊,底盤與基礎之間亦墊上高效減振膠墊。經(jīng)過兩級隔振處理,不僅使機組的振動被有效隔斷,而且使機組運行更加平穩(wěn),整體噪聲顯著降低。

　　(2) The effective way to control mechanical noise and combustion noise with two-stage isolation pads is to isolate the unit. Composite vibration isolation and damping pads are installed between the gas turbine, generator, and steel chassis, and high-efficiency damping rubber pads are also placed between the chassis and the foundation. After two-stage vibration isolation treatment, not only is the vibration of the unit effectively isolated, but the operation of the unit is also smoother, and the overall noise is significantly reduced.

　?。?）消聲排風道風扇噪聲是由旋轉(zhuǎn)噪聲和渦流噪聲組成。旋轉(zhuǎn)噪聲由旋轉(zhuǎn)風扇葉片切割空氣流產(chǎn)生周期性擾動而引起。渦流噪聲是在旋轉(zhuǎn)葉片截面上發(fā)生邊界層分離時,氣體滑脫或分裂而成的一系列的漩渦流,從而輻射出一種非穩(wěn)定的流動噪聲。排風道直接與外界相通,空氣流速很大,氣流噪聲、風扇噪聲和機械噪聲經(jīng)此通道輻射出去。為了控制風扇和排風通道的噪聲,設計了一個消音排風道。這個消音排風道長度較大,由導風槽和排風降噪腔組成。排風降噪腔的工作原理,類似于阻性消聲器。可通過更換吸音材料(改變材料的吸音系數(shù)),改變吸音材料厚度、排風通道長度和寬度等參數(shù)來提高消音效果。

　　(3) The noise of the soundproof exhaust fan is composed of rotational noise and eddy current noise. Rotating noise is caused by periodic disturbances generated by the cutting of air flow by rotating fan blades. Eddy noise is a series of vortex flows formed by the detachment or splitting of gas during boundary layer separation on a rotating blade section, which radiates an unstable flow noise. The exhaust duct is directly connected to the outside world, and the air flow velocity is high. The airflow noise, fan noise, and mechanical noise are radiated out through this channel. In order to control the noise of the fan and exhaust duct, a soundproof exhaust duct was designed. This soundproof exhaust duct has a relatively long length and is composed of air ducts and exhaust noise reduction chambers. The working principle of the exhaust noise reduction chamber is similar to that of a resistive muffler. The sound-absorbing effect can be improved by replacing the sound-absorbing material (changing the sound-absorbing coefficient of the material), changing the thickness of the sound-absorbing material, the length and width of the exhaust duct, and other parameters.

　?。?）消聲進氣道機組工作在封閉的機房里面,從廣義上講,進氣系統(tǒng)包括機組的進風通道和發(fā)動機的進氣系統(tǒng)。進風通道和排風通道一樣直接與外界相通,空氣的流速很大,氣流的噪聲和機組運轉(zhuǎn)的噪聲都經(jīng)進風通道輻射到外面。發(fā)動機進氣系統(tǒng)的噪聲是由進氣門周期性開、閉而產(chǎn)生的壓力波動所形成,其噪聲頻率一般處于500Hz以下的低頻范圍。在機房墻上設置了兩個消聲進氣道,分別作為機房的進風口和發(fā)動機的進氣口。由于排風造成的室內(nèi)負壓,使冷空氣自然通過消聲進氣道進入機房內(nèi),將機體散發(fā)的熱量順利排出。從而保證了機房內(nèi)有足夠的新鮮空氣。

　　(4) The soundproof intake duct unit operates in a closed computer room, and broadly speaking, the intake system includes the unit's intake duct and the engine's intake system. The inlet duct, like the exhaust duct, is directly connected to the outside world. The air flow velocity is high, and the noise of the airflow and the operation of the unit are radiated to the outside through the inlet duct. The noise of the engine intake system is formed by pressure fluctuations caused by the periodic opening and closing of the intake valve, and its noise frequency is generally in the low frequency range below 500Hz. Two soundproof air intakes have been installed on the wall of the computer room, serving as the air inlet for the computer room and the engine. Due to the negative pressure caused by exhaust, cold air naturally enters the computer room through the soundproof intake duct, smoothly dissipating the heat emitted by the machine body. This ensures that there is sufficient fresh air in the computer room.

　　注意事項

　　Precautions

　　1、燃氣發(fā)電機組機房應遠離明火區(qū)域；

　　1. The gas generator room should be kept away from open flame areas;

　　2、燃氣發(fā)電機組機房應寬敞、明亮且要求安裝換氣扇以保證良好的通風；

　　2. The gas generator room should be spacious, bright, and require the installation of ventilation fans to ensure good ventilation;

　　3、燃氣發(fā)電機組安裝時底盤與地基應用平墊鐵找平。接觸面積應在60%以上，且分布均勻；

　　3. When installing a gas generator set, the chassis and foundation should be leveled with flat pad iron. The contact area should be over 60% and evenly distributed;

　　4、室內(nèi)安裝照明、開關、線路及其電器應采用防爆措施,且固定牢固；

　　4. Indoor installation of lighting, switches, circuits, and their electrical appliances should adopt explosion-proof measures and be firmly fixed;

　　5、燃氣發(fā)電機組機房內(nèi)應符合消防要求，配備滅火器等消防器械；

　　5. The gas generator room should meet fire safety requirements and be equipped with fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment;

　　6、燃氣發(fā)電機組機房內(nèi)安裝可燃氣體報警裝置，可燃氣體泄露時能及時發(fā)現(xiàn)；

　　6. Install combustible gas alarm devices in the gas generator room, which can detect combustible gas leaks in a timely manner;

　　7、必須安裝燃氣閥門（不銹鋼球閥）、放水閥、防回火裝置，燃氣管路焊接完成應清理焊渣（用高壓空氣）；

　　7. Gas valves (stainless steel ball valves), drain valves, and anti backfire devices must be installed. After welding the gas pipeline, welding slag should be cleaned (using high-pressure air);

　　8、燃氣必須進行脫硫、脫水、除塵，其中含硫量≤0.25Nm。

　　8. Gas must undergo desulfurization, dehydration, and dust removal, with a sulfur content of ≤ 0.25Nm .

　　本文由 燃氣發(fā)電機組  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.qmtg666.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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