鐵合金礦熱爐尾氣發(fā)電機組渦輪增壓器，保養(yǎng)注意事項一文吃透

　　The maintenance precautions for the turbocharger of the tail gas generator set of the ferroalloy ore furnace are explained in one article

　　做鐵合金礦熱爐尾氣發(fā)電機組運維的朋友們，肯定都清楚，渦輪增壓器是機組的“核心心臟”，它的狀態(tài)直接決定機組的發(fā)電效率和使用壽命。今天就專門跟大家嘮嘮，咱們這款機組渦輪增壓器的保養(yǎng)注意事項，全是實打?qū)嵉母韶洠Y(jié)合日常運維的重點，把每一條都講明白、講透徹，新手也能一看就懂、一用就會，避免因保養(yǎng)不當造成增壓器損壞，得不償失。

　　Friends who are engaged in the operation and maintenance of tail gas generator sets for ferroalloy ore furnaces must be aware that the turbocharger is the "core heart" of the unit, and its condition directly determines the power generation efficiency and service life of the unit. Today, I will specifically talk to you about the maintenance precautions for the turbocharger of our unit. All of them are practical and practical, combined with the key points of daily operation and maintenance. We have explained each one clearly and thoroughly, so that even beginners can understand and use it at a glance, avoiding damage to the turbocharger caused by improper maintenance, which is not worth the loss.

　　先跟大家簡單鋪墊一句，咱們鐵合金礦熱爐尾氣發(fā)電機組的增壓機型，所用的增壓器全部都是徑流式廢氣渦輪增壓器。它的機油供給也很有講究，是從發(fā)動機主油道引出的，機油潤滑、冷卻增壓器之后，會直接回油到曲軸箱下部。搞懂這個基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，咱們后續(xù)的保養(yǎng)操作，才能更有針對性，不瞎忙活。

　　First of all, let me briefly introduce that all the turbochargers used in the exhaust gas generator set of our ferroalloy ore smelting furnace are radial exhaust gas turbochargers. Its oil supply is also very particular, it is led out from the main oil passage of the engine. After lubricating and cooling the turbocharger, the oil will be directly returned to the lower part of the crankcase. Understanding this basic structure is essential for our subsequent maintenance operations to be more targeted and avoid unnecessary busyness.

　　第一條，也是最關(guān)鍵的一條——必須保證增壓器的良好潤滑，定期清潔或調(diào)換機油濾芯。大家都知道，增壓器的渦輪葉輪是在高速下旋轉(zhuǎn)的，轉(zhuǎn)速特別快，一旦機油不潔，或者潤滑不到位，很容易造成渦輪增壓器磨損、損壞，后期維修起來不僅費錢，還會耽誤機組運行。

　　The first and most crucial point is to ensure good lubrication of the turbocharger and regularly clean or replace the oil filter element. As we all know, the turbocharger impeller rotates at high speed, and the speed is particularly fast. Once the oil is not clean or the lubrication is not in place, it is easy to cause wear and damage to the turbocharger. Later maintenance not only costs money, but also delays the operation of the unit.

　　平時運維的時候，一定要多留意機油的狀態(tài)，按時檢查機油的清潔度，更要定期清潔機油濾芯，要是濾芯堵塞嚴重，就直接調(diào)換新的，別勉強使用。只有機油干凈、潤滑充足，才能保護增壓器的內(nèi)部零件，避免高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時出現(xiàn)干磨，延長增壓器的使用壽命。

　　During regular operation and maintenance, it is important to pay more attention to the condition of the engine oil, check its cleanliness on time, and regularly clean the oil filter element. If the filter element is severely clogged, simply replace it with a new one and do not force it to be used. Only with clean engine oil and sufficient lubrication can the internal parts of the turbocharger be protected, avoiding dry wear during high-speed rotation and extending the service life of the turbocharger.

　　第二條，重點關(guān)注機組的啟停操作，這一點很多朋友都容易忽略，最后損壞了增壓器還不知道原因。咱們這款增壓器的轉(zhuǎn)速極高，大概在70000~100000r/min（這里跟大家說明，原文中0000r/min應(yīng)為筆誤，結(jié)合行業(yè)常規(guī)，應(yīng)為100000r/min），這么高的轉(zhuǎn)速，啟停時必須講究方法。

　　The second point is to pay close attention to the start stop operation of the unit, which many friends tend to overlook, and ultimately damage the turbocharger without knowing the cause. The speed of our turbocharger is extremely high, about 70000-100000r/min (here I want to explain to everyone that the original text's 0000r/min should be a typo, combined with industry norms, it should be 100000r/min). At such a high speed, it is necessary to pay attention to the method when starting and stopping.

　　柴油機起動后，不能馬上加載運行，得讓它空轉(zhuǎn)大概5分鐘，讓機油充分循環(huán)，給增壓器做好潤滑預(yù)熱；如果是短暫停機，空轉(zhuǎn)時間可以適當縮短，但也不能直接停機。另外，柴油機在高速、大負荷運轉(zhuǎn)之后，也絕對不能立即停機，要逐漸降低負荷和轉(zhuǎn)速，再空轉(zhuǎn)3-5分鐘，讓增壓器慢慢降溫、減速，否則很容易造成增壓器軸承損壞、失效，這個細節(jié)一定要記牢。

　　After starting the diesel engine, it cannot be immediately loaded and run. It needs to be allowed to idle for about 5 minutes to allow the engine oil to circulate fully and lubricate and preheat the turbocharger; If it is a brief shutdown, the idle time can be appropriately shortened, but it cannot be stopped directly. In addition, after high-speed and high load operation, the diesel engine should never be stopped immediately. The load and speed should be gradually reduced, and then idle for 3-5 minutes to slowly cool down and slow down the turbocharger. Otherwise, it is easy to cause damage or failure of the turbocharger bearings. This detail must be remembered carefully.

　　第三條，定期檢查進氣管路的緊固情況和密封性，避免出現(xiàn)嘯叫聲。具體來說，就是檢查空氣濾清器到增壓器之間、增壓器到發(fā)動機之間的所有進氣管路，看看管路有沒有松動、漏氣的情況，接口處的密封是否完好。

　　The third point is to regularly check the fastening and sealing of the intake pipeline to avoid whistling sounds. Specifically, it means checking all intake pipelines between the air filter and the turbocharger, as well as between the turbocharger and the engine, to see if there are any loose or leaking pipelines, and whether the seals at the interfaces are intact.

　　要是管路松動或者密封不嚴，空氣進入時就會出現(xiàn)嘯叫聲，不僅影響機組運行，還會導(dǎo)致增壓器進氣不足，進而影響發(fā)電效率，長期下來還會損傷增壓器。平時檢查的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)管路松動就及時擰緊，密封不好就更換密封件，別拖延，小問題拖久了就會變成大故障。

　　If the pipeline is loose or poorly sealed, there will be a whistling sound when air enters, which not only affects the operation of the unit, but also leads to insufficient intake of the turbocharger, which in turn affects the power generation efficiency and can damage the turbocharger in the long run. When checking regularly, if the pipeline is found to be loose, tighten it in a timely manner. If the seal is not good, replace the seal. Don't delay, as minor problems can become major faults if left for too long.

　　第四條，按發(fā)動機說明書要求，檢查空氣濾清器，并且定期清潔或調(diào)換濾芯?？諝鉃V清器是增壓器的“第一道防護屏障”，要是空氣濾清器堵塞，或者濾芯太臟，大量粉塵、雜質(zhì)就會進入增壓器，磨損內(nèi)部葉輪和軸承，造成增壓器損壞。

　　Article 4: According to the engine manual requirements, check the air filter and regularly clean or replace the filter element. The air filter is the "first protective barrier" of the turbocharger. If the air filter is clogged or the filter element is too dirty, a large amount of dust and impurities will enter the turbocharger, wear the internal impeller and bearings, and cause damage to the turbocharger.

　　大家不用憑感覺判斷，嚴格按照發(fā)動機說明書的要求，定期檢查空氣濾清器的狀態(tài)，臟了就及時清潔，清潔后依然達不到效果，就直接調(diào)換新的濾芯，別為了省一點小錢，耽誤了整個增壓器的保養(yǎng)，最后損失更大。

　　Don't judge based on intuition. Strictly follow the requirements of the engine manual to regularly check the condition of the air filter. If it gets dirty, clean it in a timely manner. If the cleaning still doesn't achieve the desired effect, replace the filter element directly. Don't delay the maintenance of the entire turbocharger just to save a little money, and the loss will be even greater in the end.

　　第五條，定期拆卸清潔增壓器的壓氣機殼、渦輪殼，還有兩葉輪及兩殼體內(nèi)的流道。增壓器長期運行，會有大量油污、積碳附著在葉輪和流道上，時間長了會影響增壓器的散熱和進氣效率，進而影響機組性能。

　　Article 5: Regularly disassemble and clean the compressor housing, turbine housing, as well as the two impellers and the flow channels inside the two housings of the turbocharger. Long term operation of the turbocharger will result in a large amount of oil and carbon deposits adhering to the impeller and flow channel, which will affect the heat dissipation and intake efficiency of the turbocharger over time, thereby affecting the performance of the unit.

　　這里提醒大家，拆卸增壓器的時候一定要小心，避免碰撞、損壞零件；拆卸后清潔干凈，裝配的時候，記得在進油口加注清潔的機油，做好裝配前的潤滑，防止裝配后啟動時出現(xiàn)干磨，損傷增壓器。

　　Here is a reminder to everyone to be careful when disassembling the turbocharger to avoid collision and damage to parts; After disassembly, clean it thoroughly. When assembling, remember to add clean engine oil to the inlet and lubricate it before assembly to prevent dry grinding and damage to the turbocharger during startup after assembly.

　　第六條，也是特別重要的一條提示，大家一定要牢記：鐵合金礦熱爐尾氣發(fā)電機組增壓器的轉(zhuǎn)子軸，是精密高速旋轉(zhuǎn)部件，嚴禁拆解和碰撞，否則工廠將不再提供質(zhì)保，增壓器也會直接失效。

　　The sixth point, which is also a particularly important reminder, must be remembered: the rotor shaft of the turbocharger of the tail gas generator set of the ferroalloy ore smelting furnace is a precision high-speed rotating component, and disassembly and collision are strictly prohibited. Otherwise, the factory will no longer provide warranty and the turbocharger will directly fail.

　　很多朋友遇到增壓器故障，喜歡自己拆解檢查，覺得能省點維修費，殊不知這種操作是大忌。轉(zhuǎn)子軸精度極高，一旦拆解、碰撞，很容易造成零件變形、損壞，而且無法修復(fù)，最后只能更換整個增壓器，得不償失。遇到故障，最好聯(lián)系專業(yè)的維修人員處理，別自己盲目操作。

　　Many friends encounter turbocharger malfunctions and like to disassemble and inspect them themselves, thinking that it can save some maintenance costs, but they do not know that this operation is a big taboo. The precision of the rotor shaft is extremely high. Once disassembled or collided, it is easy to cause deformation and damage to the parts, and it cannot be repaired. In the end, the entire turbocharger can only be replaced, which is not worth the loss. When encountering a malfunction, it is best to contact professional maintenance personnel for handling, rather than blindly operating on your own.

　　以上就是咱們整理的，關(guān)于鐵合金礦熱爐尾氣發(fā)電機組渦輪增壓器的全部使用和保養(yǎng)方法，供廣大運維朋友參考。增壓器的保養(yǎng)沒有捷徑，全靠日常細心操作、按時維護，每一個細節(jié)都不能忽視。

　　The above is our compilation of all the usage and maintenance methods for the turbocharger of the tail gas generator set of the ferroalloy ore furnace, for the reference of Guangzhou University maintenance friends. There is no shortcut to the maintenance of a turbocharger, it all depends on careful daily operation and timely maintenance, and every detail cannot be ignored.

　　希望今天的分享，能幫到各位做運維的朋友，規(guī)范做好增壓器保養(yǎng)，避免因操作不當造成損壞，讓機組穩(wěn)定運行、高效發(fā)電。如果大家還有更多關(guān)于發(fā)電機組技術(shù)方面的知識想要了解，歡迎前來網(wǎng)站咨詢或致電我公司，我們將竭誠為您服務(wù)。

　　I hope today's sharing can help friends in operation and maintenance to standardize the maintenance of turbochargers, avoid damage caused by improper operation, and ensure stable operation and efficient power generation of the unit. If you have more knowledge about generator technology, please feel free to consult our website or call our company. We will be dedicated to serving you.