焦?fàn)t煤氣為工業(yè)尾氣的一種，中拓焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電機(jī)組為綠色環(huán)保事業(yè)添磚加瓦。

　　Coke oven gas is a type of industrial exhaust gas, and Zhongtuo coke oven gas power generation units contribute to the green and environmental protection cause.

　　焦?fàn)t煤氣，又稱焦?fàn)t氣，由于可燃成分多，屬于高熱值煤氣，粗煤氣或荒煤氣。是指用幾種煙煤配制成煉焦用煤，在煉焦?fàn)t中經(jīng)過高溫干餾后，在產(chǎn)出焦炭和焦油產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的一種可燃性氣體，是煉焦工業(yè)的副產(chǎn)品。焦?fàn)t氣是混合物，其產(chǎn)率和組成因煉焦用煤質(zhì)量和焦化過程條件不同而有所差別，一般每噸干煤可生產(chǎn)焦?fàn)t氣300~350m3（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)）。其主要成分為氫氣（55%~60%）和甲烷（23%~27%），另外還含有少量的一氧化碳（5%~8%）、C2以上不飽和烴（2%~4%）、二氧化碳（1.5%~3%)、氧氣(0.3%~0.8%))、氮?dú)?3%~7%)。其中氫氣、甲烷、一氧化碳、C2以上不飽和烴為可燃組分，二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、氧氣為不可燃組分。

　　Coke oven gas, also known as coke oven gas, belongs to high calorific value gas, crude gas or raw gas due to its high combustible components. It refers to a combustible gas produced by mixing several types of bituminous coal into coking coal, which is then subjected to high-temperature dry distillation in a coking furnace to produce coke and tar products. It is a byproduct of the coking industry. Coke oven gas is a mixture, and its yield and composition vary depending on the quality of coal used for coking and the conditions of the coking process. Generally, 300-350m3 of coke oven gas can be produced per ton of dry coal (standard state). Its main components are hydrogen (55%~60%) and methane (23%~27%), in addition to a small amount of carbon monoxide (5%~8%), unsaturated hydrocarbons above C2 (2%~4%), carbon dioxide (1.5%~3%), oxygen (0.3%~0.8%), and nitrogen (3%~7%). Among them, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and unsaturated hydrocarbons above C2 are combustible components, while carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen are non combustible components.

　　焦?fàn)t氣屬于中熱值氣，其熱值為每標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方米17~19MJ，適合用做高溫工業(yè)爐的燃料和城市煤氣。焦?fàn)t氣含氫氣量高，分離后用于合成氨，其它成分如甲烷和乙烯可用做有機(jī)合成原料。焦?fàn)t氣為有毒和易爆性氣體，空氣中的爆炸極限為6%~30%。焦?fàn)t煤氣的特點(diǎn)：

　　Coke oven gas belongs to medium calorific value gas, with a calorific value of 17-19MJ per standard cubic meter, suitable for use as fuel for high-temperature industrial furnaces and urban gas. Coke oven gas has a high hydrogen content and is used for the synthesis of ammonia after separation. Other components such as methane and ethylene can be used as organic synthesis raw materials. Coke oven gas is a toxic and explosive gas, with an explosive limit in the air of 6% to 30%. Characteristics of coke oven gas:

　　1、焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)熱值高16720—18810KJ/m³，可燃成分較高（約90%左右）；2、焦?fàn)t煤氣是無色有臭味的氣體；

　　1. Coke oven gas has a high calorific value of 16720-18810KJ/m³ High combustible content (about 90%); 2. Coke oven gas is a colorless and odorous gas;

　　3、焦?fàn)t煤氣因含有CO和少量的H2S而有毒；4、焦?fàn)t煤氣含氫多，燃燒速度快，火焰較短；

　　3. Coke oven gas is toxic due to the presence of CO and small amounts of H2S; 4. Coke oven gas contains more hydrogen, burns quickly, and has a shorter flame;

　　5、焦?fàn)t煤氣如果凈化不好，將含有較多的焦油和萘，就會(huì)堵塞管道和管件，給調(diào)火工作帶來困難；

　　5. If the purification of coke oven gas is not good, it will contain a lot of tar and naphthalene, which will block the pipes and fittings and bring difficulties to the ignition control work;

　　6、著火溫度為600~650 ℃。7、焦?fàn)t煤氣含有H2（55~60%），CH4（23~27%），CO（5~8%），CO2（1.5~3.0%），N2（3~7%），O2（<0.5%），cmhn(2~4%);密度為0.45~0.50 Kg/Nm3。目前，我國(guó)焦炭年產(chǎn)量超過4億t，每年可有近1000×108m3焦?fàn)t煤氣可作資源型開發(fā)利用。主要應(yīng)用于制甲醇、化肥、發(fā)電、制氫、還原鐵。

　　6. The ignition temperature is 600~650 ℃. 7. Coke oven gas contains H2（55~60%），CH4（23~27%），CO（5~8%），CO2（1.5~3.0%），N2（3~7%），O2（<0.5%），cmhn(2~4%); The density is 0.45-0.50 Kg/Nm3. At present, China's annual production of coke exceeds 400 million tons, and nearly 1000 × 108m3 of coke oven gas can be used for resource-based development and utilization every year. Mainly used in the production of methanol, fertilizers, power generation, hydrogen production, and reduction of iron.

　　1、焦?fàn)t煤氣用于生產(chǎn)甲醇

　　1. Coke oven gas is used for producing methanol

　　甲醇是重要的有機(jī)化工原料，也是優(yōu)良的液體燃料，利用焦?fàn)t煤氣制造甲醇是我國(guó)目前焦?fàn)t煤氣綜合利用的主要方式。焦?fàn)t煤氣中含有25%以上的CH4,，只需將焦?fàn)t煤氣中的甲烷轉(zhuǎn)化成一定比例的CO和H2， 就能滿足合成甲醇的工藝要求。

　　Methanol is an important organic chemical raw material and an excellent liquid fuel. Utilizing coke oven gas to produce methanol is currently the main way for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas in China. Coke oven gas contains more than 25% CH4, and by converting the methane in coke oven gas into a certain proportion of CO and H2, it can meet the process requirements for synthesizing methanol.

　　2、焦?fàn)t煤氣用于生產(chǎn)化肥

　　2. Coke oven gas is used for the production of fertilizers

　　用焦?fàn)t煤氣制合成氨也是焦?fàn)t煤氣綜合利用的重要途徑之一。數(shù)據(jù)表明，1720m3焦?fàn)t煤氣可以生產(chǎn)1t合成氨，進(jìn)而合成尿素，生產(chǎn)成本低于以天然氣或無煙煤為原料的尿素生產(chǎn)工藝，成本優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。由于規(guī)定尿素為國(guó)家免稅產(chǎn)品，因此相比甲醇等化工產(chǎn)品來說，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益具有較好的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　Using coke oven gas to produce synthetic ammonia is also one of the important ways for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas. The data shows that 1720m3 coke oven gas can produce 1 ton of synthetic ammonia, which can then be used to synthesize urea. The production cost is lower than that of urea production processes using natural gas or anthracite as raw materials, and the cost advantage is obvious. Due to the regulation that urea is a national duty-free product, it has a better economic advantage compared to chemical products such as methanol.

　　3、焦?fàn)t煤氣用于發(fā)電

　　3. Coke oven gas is used for power generation

　　利用焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電是較為成熟的技術(shù)，有：蒸汽發(fā)電、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電、內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電、燃?xì)狻羝?lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電4類。蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)電效率最低，不到30%，其次是燃?xì)鈾C(jī)發(fā)電和內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電，發(fā)電效率30%-35%。燃?xì)猓羝?lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電技術(shù)是我國(guó)大中型鋼鐵聯(lián)合企業(yè)正在積極推廣的技術(shù)，是熱能資源的高效梯級(jí)綜合利用，其發(fā)電效率高達(dá)45％以上，在蘭州厚壁無縫鋼管、濟(jì)鋼、 寶鋼、太鋼等企業(yè)得到推廣。

　　The use of coke oven gas for power generation is a relatively mature technology, which includes four categories: steam power generation, gas turbine power generation, internal combustion engine power generation, and gas steam combined cycle power generation. The steam engine has the lowest power generation efficiency, less than 30%, followed by gas engine power generation and internal combustion engine power generation, with power generation efficiency of 30% -35%. The gas steam combined cycle power generation technology is actively promoted by large and medium-sized steel joint enterprises in China. It is an efficient cascade comprehensive utilization of thermal energy resources, with a power generation efficiency of over 45%. It has been widely promoted in enterprises such as Lanzhou Thick walled Seamless Steel Tube, Jinan Iron and Steel Group, Baosteel, and Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group.

　　4、焦?fàn)t煤氣制氫

　　4. Hydrogen production from coke oven gas

　　氫氣是最清潔的能源，人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)以氫能為主要能源。由于焦?fàn)t煤氣含有豐富的氫資源，用焦?fàn)t煤氣制氫的主要方法是采用變壓吸附技術(shù)從焦?fàn)t煤氣中分離氫氣。目前，許多大中型焦化企業(yè)都在策劃設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)苯加氫裝置，其加氫所需的氫氣都將是采用變壓吸附技術(shù)從焦?fàn)t煤氣分離而出。焦?fàn)t煤氣制氫還用于煤焦油加氫，利用催化加氫反應(yīng)，使分子量高、氫碳比（H/C）低、雜質(zhì)含量多的煤焦油轉(zhuǎn)化為分子量較低、氫碳比較高，成為優(yōu)質(zhì)燃料油組分。

　　Hydrogen is the cleanest energy source, and the development goal of human society is to achieve hydrogen as the main energy source. Due to the abundant hydrogen resources in coke oven gas, the main method of producing hydrogen from coke oven gas is to use pressure swing adsorption technology to separate hydrogen from coke oven gas. At present, many large and medium-sized coking enterprises are planning, designing, and constructing benzene hydrogenation units, and the hydrogen required for hydrogenation will be separated from coke oven gas using pressure swing adsorption technology. Coke oven gas for hydrogen production is also used for coal tar hydrogenation. Through catalytic hydrogenation reactions, coal tar with high molecular weight, low hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C), and high impurity content is converted into a component of high-quality fuel oil with lower molecular weight and higher hydrogen to carbon ratio.

　　5、焦?fàn)t煤氣用于生產(chǎn)直接還原鐵

　　5. Coke oven gas is used for the production of direct reduced iron

　　傳統(tǒng)的煉鐵工業(yè)完全依靠碳為還原劑，而焦?fàn)t煤氣中H2和甲烷含量分別為50％和20％，只需將焦?fàn)t煤氣中甲烷進(jìn)行熱裂解即可獲得74％的Ｈ2的和25％的CO，以此作為直接還原生產(chǎn)的還原性氣體是非常廉價(jià)的，能大大降低煉鐵過程煉焦煤和焦炭的消耗。

　　The traditional ironmaking industry relies entirely on carbon as a reducing agent, while the H2 and methane contents in coke oven gas are 50% and 20%, respectively. By thermally cracking the methane in coke oven gas, 74% H2 and 25% CO can be obtained, which is a very inexpensive reducing gas for direct reduction production and can greatly reduce the consumption of coking coal and coke in the ironmaking process.

　　發(fā)展煤氣化、焦?fàn)t煤氣加大型化氣基豎爐的直接還原工藝是我國(guó)直接還原技術(shù)發(fā)展的總趨勢(shì)。

　　The development of gasification, coke oven gas and large-scale gas based vertical furnace direct reduction process is the overall trend of direct reduction technology development in China.

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