蘭炭是把煤通過低溫干餾而產(chǎn)生的一種半焦，同焦炭相比，有著廉價(jià)的生產(chǎn)成本，卻可以在許多化工產(chǎn)業(yè)里取代焦炭的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以很受業(yè)界歡迎，目前，這種爐子在陜北的神木，府谷十分盛行。

Lantan is a semi coke produced by low-temperature dry distillation of coal. Compared with coke, it has the advantage of low production cost but can replace coke in many chemical industries. Therefore, it is very popular in the industry. Currently, this type of furnace is very popular in Shenmu and Fugu in northern Shaanxi.

這項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)成熟，但是要想達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定的擴(kuò)大單臺(tái)爐子產(chǎn)量，則還沒有理想的技術(shù)出臺(tái)。

This technology is already quite mature, but there is no ideal technology yet to achieve the national requirement of expanding the production capacity of a single furnace.

蘭炭爐從外形上分兩種，一種是可以煤氣回爐的方爐，這種爐子可以通過增加碳化室的方法來擴(kuò)大單臺(tái)爐產(chǎn)量；能把產(chǎn)出來的部分煤氣二次燃燒，降低干餾溫度，減少炭排放，提高焦油和半焦質(zhì)量。它的缺點(diǎn)是不適合用氣量大的化工產(chǎn)業(yè)，比如金屬鎂、金屬鈣，這些產(chǎn)業(yè)的煤氣用量非常大，用方爐就需要相當(dāng)?shù)奶m炭生產(chǎn)，一旦蘭炭市場(chǎng)疲軟，金屬鎂、金屬鈣的生產(chǎn)也會(huì)受到影響。另外，方爐有死角，下料不均勻，在碳化過程中容易出現(xiàn)過分燃燒現(xiàn)象，從而影響蘭炭的產(chǎn)量。

There are two types of Lan Charcoal furnaces in terms of appearance. One is a square furnace that can recycle gas, which can expand the output of a single furnace by adding a carbonization chamber; It can burn a portion of the produced gas for the second time, reduce the dry distillation temperature, decrease carbon emissions, and improve the quality of tar and semi coke. Its disadvantage is that it is not suitable for chemical industries with high gas consumption, such as magnesium metal and calcium metal. These industries have a very large amount of gas consumption, and the use of square furnaces requires a considerable amount of blue charcoal production. Once the blue charcoal market weakens, the production of magnesium metal and calcium metal will also be affected. In addition, the square furnace has blind spots and uneven feeding, which can easily lead to excessive combustion during the carbonization process, thereby affecting the yield of blue charcoal.

另一種是圓爐，現(xiàn)在的圓爐完全依靠中風(fēng)送風(fēng)，因?yàn)橐恍┪锢硪蛩兀荒茏屆簹饣貭t。圓爐的優(yōu)點(diǎn)正好是方爐的缺點(diǎn)：同等用煤的情況下，它可以產(chǎn)生大量煤氣；因?yàn)樗菆A形的，所以下料均勻，沒有死角。圓爐的缺點(diǎn)也正好是方爐的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：爐溫高，煤氣不能回爐，焦油、半焦的質(zhì)量不及方爐，不適合產(chǎn)氣量需求少的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

Another type is the circular furnace, which now relies entirely on air supply and cannot allow gas to return to the furnace due to some physical factors. The advantage of a round furnace is exactly the disadvantage of a square furnace: it can produce a large amount of coal gas when using the same amount of coal; Because it is circular, the material is evenly cut without any dead corners. The disadvantages of circular furnaces are exactly the advantages of square furnaces: high furnace temperature, inability to recycle gas, inferior quality of tar and semi coke compared to square furnaces, and unsuitability for industries with low gas production demand.

無論圓爐還是方爐，都需要把煤通過碳化來完成，在干餾碳化過程中，煤氣從爐頂通過管道輸送到用氣車間，煤氣里的氨水、焦油通過電捕焦等設(shè)備進(jìn)入氨水罐或氨水池，在氨水罐或氨水池中沉淀分離出焦油，再通過油泵把焦油送到儲(chǔ)油罐或油池。干餾碳化的半焦則從爐底排出，進(jìn)入儲(chǔ)焦棚通過篩選分類存放。

Both round furnace and square furnace need to carbonize coal. In the process of carbonization, the gas is transported from the furnace top to the gas consumption workshop through pipes. The ammonia and tar in the gas enter the ammonia tank or ammonia pool through electric coke capture and other equipment. The tar is precipitated and separated in the ammonia tank or ammonia pool, and then sent to the oil storage tank or oil pool through the oil pump. The semi coke carbonized by dry distillation is discharged from the furnace bottom and enters the coke storage shed for sorting and storage.

碳化過程需要給煤送風(fēng)，煤又會(huì)阻礙風(fēng)的穿透，導(dǎo)致離風(fēng)口近的煤燃燒速度大于離風(fēng)口遠(yuǎn)的煤的燃燒速度。所以碳化室的寬度非常有限一般理想的寬度為600mm到800mm，煤的粒度越小，碳化室越窄。方爐的碳化室長(zhǎng)度也必須控制在有限范圍，一旦爐溫不均勻，太長(zhǎng)的碳化室很難控制，火焰容易躥到爐頂，發(fā)生火災(zāi)甚至爆炸事故。

The carbonization process requires air supply to coal, which in turn hinders the penetration of air, resulting in coal closer to the tuyere burning faster than coal farther away. So the width of the carbonization chamber is very limited, and the ideal width is generally 600mm to 800mm. The smaller the coal particle size, the narrower the carbonization chamber. The length of the carbonization chamber of the square furnace must also be controlled within a limited range. Once the furnace temperature is uneven, a carbonization chamber that is too long is difficult to control, and flames are prone to spread to the top of the furnace, causing fires and even explosions.

總之，煤在干餾過程中由于自身的阻力和壓力對(duì)空氣給氧產(chǎn)生影響，蘭炭爐的寬窄高低都需要一個(gè)有限的范圍，圓爐是中間向四周送風(fēng)，根本無法擴(kuò)大單臺(tái)爐子的產(chǎn)量。單臺(tái)圓爐的年產(chǎn)焦量在2—3萬噸之間，方爐單個(gè)碳化室的年產(chǎn)焦量在1—1.5萬噸之間，有的單臺(tái)爐子的產(chǎn)量可以達(dá)到20多萬噸，但是這種爐子的靈活性不高。

In short, during the dry distillation process, coal has an impact on air oxygen supply due to its own resistance and pressure. The width and height of the blue charcoal furnace require a limited range, while the circular furnace requires air supply from the middle to the surrounding areas, making it impossible to increase the output of a single furnace. The annual coke production of a single circular furnace ranges from 20000 to 30000 tons, while the annual coke production of a single carbonization chamber in a square furnace ranges from 10000 to 15000 tons. Some single furnaces can produce over 200000 tons, but their flexibility is not high.

我們現(xiàn)在看到的年產(chǎn)量幾十，幾百萬噸蘭炭爐都是連體爐。這些連體爐只有一半左右在運(yùn)行，另外一半則處于檢修或者停產(chǎn)狀態(tài)。

The annual production capacity we see now, ranging from tens to millions of tons of blue charcoal furnaces, are all connected furnaces. Only about half of these connected furnaces are in operation, while the other half are under maintenance or shutdown.

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