一、目前國(guó)內(nèi)焦?fàn)t煤氣綜合利用主要途徑有：

　　1、 At present, the main ways for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas in China are:

　　（1）焦?fàn)t煤氣用作氣體燃料；

　　(1) Coke oven gas is used as a gas fuel;

　?。?）焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電；

　　(2) Coke oven gas power generation;

　　（3）焦?fàn)t煤氣作為化工產(chǎn)品合成氣，主要有以下幾種工藝路線：

　　(3) As a synthetic gas for chemical products, coke oven gas mainly has the following process routes:

　　a：焦?fàn)t煤氣提氫聯(lián)產(chǎn)合成氨；

　　a: Coke oven gas hydrogen extraction combined with ammonia synthesis;

　　b：焦?fàn)t煤氣制甲醇，甲醇馳放氣提氫聯(lián)產(chǎn)合成氨；

　　b: Coke oven gas to produce methanol, methanol release gas to extract hydrogen and co produce synthetic ammonia;

　　c：焦?fàn)t煤氣甲烷化制LNG，副產(chǎn)少量氫氣；

　　c: Methanation of coke oven gas to produce LNG, producing a small amount of hydrogen gas as a byproduct;

　　d：焦?fàn)t煤氣液化（無(wú)甲烷化）制LNG，副產(chǎn)大量氫氣；

　　d: The liquefaction of coke oven gas (without methane) to produce LNG produces a large amount of hydrogen gas as a byproduct;

　　e：焦?fàn)t煤氣直接提取氫氣，剩余解析氣回焦?fàn)t，置換焦?fàn)t煤氣；

　　e: Directly extracting hydrogen from coke oven gas, and returning the remaining decomposed gas to the coke oven to replace coke oven gas;

　　二、焦?fàn)t煤氣綜合利用主要工藝及效益成本分析

　　2、 Main processes and cost-benefit analysis of comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas

　　2.1焦?fàn)t煤氣用作氣體燃料

　　2.1 Coke oven gas used as gas fuel

　　焦?fàn)t煤氣是優(yōu)質(zhì)的中熱值氣體燃料，其熱值為17兆焦~20兆焦/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方米，煤氣的主要成分（體積百分比）為氫55％~60％、甲烷19％~24%、一氧化碳5％~9％，另外含兩個(gè)以上的碳原子的不飽和烴2％~4％，目前，由于燃煤大部分地區(qū)受到環(huán)保限制，天然氣雖然熱值較焦?fàn)t煤氣高（約2倍），但天然氣使用成本較高，所以焦?fàn)t煤氣仍是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要?dú)怏w燃料。如將焦?fàn)t煤氣用作陶瓷廠窯爐的加熱燃料，以及用作水泥和玻璃等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的燃料。這種模式適合于焦化企業(yè)周邊有陶瓷、水泥、玻璃加工企業(yè)，通過(guò)脫硫、脫萘后加壓送往用熱單位，通過(guò)管道輸送維護(hù)費(fèi)用較低，按銷售價(jià)0.6元/方計(jì)算，130萬(wàn)噸焦炭副產(chǎn)外供焦?fàn)t煤氣40000方/小時(shí)，銷售額約2.4萬(wàn)元/小時(shí)，年銷售收入2.1億元。經(jīng)初步核算，焦?fàn)t煤氣通過(guò)脫硫、脫萘、加壓等綜合成本為約0.38元/方，扣除成本后，年產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益約為7040萬(wàn)元。

　　Coke oven gas is a high-quality medium calorific value gas fuel, with a calorific value of 17 megajoules to 20 megajoules per standard cubic meter. The main components (volume percentages) of the gas are hydrogen 55% to 60%, methane 19% to 24%, carbon monoxide 5% to 9%, and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two or more carbon atoms 2% to 4%. Currently, due to environmental restrictions in most areas where coal is burned, although natural gas has a higher calorific value (about twice that of coke oven gas), its usage cost is higher. Therefore, coke oven gas is still the main gas fuel for industrial production. If coke oven gas is used as heating fuel for ceramic factory kilns, as well as fuel for industrial production such as cement and glass. This model is suitable for ceramic, cement, and glass processing enterprises in the vicinity of coking enterprises. After desulfurization and naphthalene removal, it is pressurized and sent to heat consuming units. The maintenance cost is relatively low through pipeline transportation. Calculated at a sales price of 0.6 yuan/cubic meter, 1.3 million tons of coke by-products are supplied to 40000 cubic meters/hour of coke oven gas, with a sales revenue of about 24000 yuan/hour and an annual sales revenue of 210 million yuan. According to preliminary calculations, the comprehensive cost of desulfurization, naphthalene removal, and pressurization of coke oven gas is about 0.38 yuan/cubic meter. After deducting the cost, the annual economic benefits generated are about 70.4 million yuan.

　　2.2利用焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電

　　2.2 Utilizing coke oven gas for power generation

　　我國(guó)許多焦化企業(yè)將剩余的焦?fàn)t煤氣用于發(fā)電。焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電有三種方式，分別為蒸汽發(fā)電（熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)）、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電和內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電，目前這幾種發(fā)電方式在國(guó)內(nèi)均有應(yīng)用，技術(shù)成熟。如果焦化企業(yè)與高電耗生產(chǎn)匹配或與發(fā)供電企業(yè)聯(lián)營(yíng)，且上網(wǎng)電價(jià)合適，焦?fàn)t煤氣用于發(fā)電可作為優(yōu)先選擇的技術(shù)路之一。其運(yùn)行與管理簡(jiǎn)便，生產(chǎn)作業(yè)間長(zhǎng)，可采取多種方式，企業(yè)收益穩(wěn)定。

　　Many coking enterprises in our country use the remaining coke oven gas for power generation. There are three ways to generate electricity from coke oven gas, namely steam power generation (cogeneration), gas turbine power generation, and internal combustion engine power generation. Currently, these power generation methods are widely used in China and have mature technologies. If coking enterprises are matched with high electricity consumption production or jointly operated with power generation and supply enterprises, and the on grid electricity price is appropriate, using coke oven gas for power generation can be one of the preferred technological paths. Its operation and management are simple, the production operation is long, multiple methods can be adopted, and the enterprise's income is stable.

　?。?）蒸汽發(fā)電，熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)供熱與發(fā)電兼用

　　(1) Steam power generation, combined heat and power generation for both heating and power generation

　　蒸汽發(fā)電由鍋爐-凝氣式氣輪機(jī)-發(fā)電機(jī)組成。該工藝以焦?fàn)t煤氣作為熱源燃燒鍋爐，生成高壓蒸汽，用以帶動(dòng)汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)而發(fā)電。蒸汽發(fā)電技術(shù)過(guò)關(guān)、成熟可靠。在我國(guó)焦化行業(yè)應(yīng)用較廣泛，但其系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、占地面積大、啟動(dòng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。

　　Steam power generation consists of a boiler condensing gas turbine generator. This process uses coke oven gas as a heat source to burn boilers and generate high-pressure steam, which is used to drive steam turbines and generators to generate electricity. Steam power generation technology is mature and reliable. It is widely used in China's coking industry, but its system is complex, occupies a large area, and has a long start-up time.

　?。?）焦?fàn)t煤氣用于燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電

　　(2) Coke oven gas used for gas turbine power generation

　　燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電是用焦?fàn)t煤氣直接燃燒，驅(qū)動(dòng)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)以帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)備緊湊、占地少、效率高、效益好、啟動(dòng)速度快。不過(guò)，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間后必須遠(yuǎn)距離運(yùn)回制造廠檢修，因此需要較多的備品，要求工人有較高的技術(shù)素質(zhì)。

　　Gas turbine power generation is achieved by directly burning coke oven gas to drive the gas turbine, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. The gas turbine generator set is compact, occupies less land, has high efficiency, good benefits, and fast starting speed. However, after running for a period of time, gas turbines must be transported back to the manufacturing plant for maintenance at a long distance, requiring a large number of spare parts and requiring workers to have high technical skills.

　?。?）燃?xì)狻羝?lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電技術(shù)（CCPP）

　　(3) Gas Steam Combined Cycle Power Generation Technology (CCPP)

　　該技術(shù)的基本原理是將剩余的焦?fàn)t煤氣和回收的高爐煤氣經(jīng)凈化、混合、加壓后送往燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)燃燒、膨脹做功，帶動(dòng)燃?xì)廨啺l(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電。同時(shí)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排放的高溫?zé)煔饧訜嵊酂徨仩t，產(chǎn)生蒸汽，帶動(dòng)蒸汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，形成聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電。燃?xì)狻羝?lián)合發(fā)電是熱能資源的高效梯級(jí)綜合利用，其發(fā)電效率高達(dá)45％以上，實(shí)現(xiàn)了鋼電聯(lián)產(chǎn)，目前我國(guó)的濟(jì)鋼、寶鋼、太鋼、沙鋼、通鋼、鞍鋼、馬鋼、邯鋼安鋼、漣鋼等多家鋼廠都在使用該技術(shù)。

　　The basic principle of this technology is to purify, mix, and pressurize the remaining coke oven gas and recovered blast furnace gas before sending them to a gas turbine for combustion, expansion, and power generation, driving the gas turbine generator set to generate electricity. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the gas turbine heats the waste heat boiler, generates steam, and drives the steam turbine generator unit to form a combined cycle power generation. Gas steam combined power generation is an efficient cascade comprehensive utilization of thermal energy resources, with a power generation efficiency of over 45%, realizing the co production of steel and electricity. Currently, many steel mills in China, such as Jigang, Baosteel, Taiyuan Iron and Steel, Shagang, Tonggang, Ansteel, Magang, Handan Iron and Steel, and Lianyungang, are using this technology.

　?。?）用煤氣內(nèi)燃機(jī)帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電

　　(4) Using a gas internal combustion engine to drive a generator to generate electricity

　　我國(guó)一些焦化廠也有采用煤氣內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電?？晒┻x擇的焦?fàn)t煤氣內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組有400千瓦、500千瓦、1200千瓦和2000年瓦。目前焦化行業(yè)大多采用的是500千瓦焦?fàn)t煤氣內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組。按焦?fàn)t煤氣熱值（低熱值）16720千焦/立方米計(jì)算，1立方米焦?fàn)t煤氣可發(fā)電1.1千瓦時(shí)。

　　Some coking plants in our country also use gas internal combustion engines for power generation. The available options for coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets are 400 kW, 500 kW, 1200 kW, and 2000 kW. At present, the coking industry mostly uses 500 kW coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets. According to the calorific value (low calorific value) of 16720 kilojoules per cubic meter of coke oven gas, 1 cubic meter of coke oven gas can generate 1.1 kilowatt hours of electricity.

　　結(jié)論：焦?fàn)t煤氣熱值：4128Kcal/m3，即17255kJ/m3，鍋爐效率：80%，過(guò)熱蒸汽參數(shù)：溫度540℃；壓力9.8MPa；3475.4kJ/kg，即每萬(wàn)方焦?fàn)t煤氣可產(chǎn)高壓蒸汽40t，每萬(wàn)方焦?fàn)t煤氣可發(fā)電11000KWh，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電效率高，發(fā)電成本低，但是前期投資大；余熱鍋爐發(fā)電前期投資小，但是發(fā)電效率較低，發(fā)電成本高。建議采取燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電的方式，減少煤氣放空、降低經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。另外采取燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)和余熱鍋爐聯(lián)合發(fā)電的形式，該方案前期投資太大且經(jīng)濟(jì)性不好。

　　Conclusion: The calorific value of coke oven gas is 4128Kcal/m3, which is 17255kJ/m3. The boiler efficiency is 80%, and the superheated steam parameters are at a temperature of 540 ℃; Pressure 9.8MPa; 3475.4kJ/kg， Each 10000 cubic meters of coke oven gas can produce 40 tons of high-pressure steam, and each 10000 cubic meters of coke oven gas can generate 11000 kWh of electricity. Gas turbines have high power generation efficiency and low power generation costs, but require large initial investment; The initial investment for waste heat boiler power generation is small, but the power generation efficiency is low and the power generation cost is high. Suggest adopting gas turbine power generation to reduce gas venting and minimize economic losses. Additionally, adopting a combination of gas turbines and waste heat boilers for power generation would result in excessive initial investment and poor economic viability.

　　本文由  焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電機(jī)組   友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.qmtg666.com/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

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